ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF Carica papaya SEED AGAINST ENTERIC ORGANISMS

ABSTRACT

Lots of research has been conducted on Carica papaya and its antibacterial efficacy on bacterial pathogens and this led to this study on antibacterial activities of Carica papaya seed extract on enteric microorganisms. The seed extract was prepared in two ways; Aqueous and methanolic with varying concentration such as 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/ml respectively. The agar well diffusion method was used to assay the effect on standardized test organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Also positive and negative control were used to truly have an accurate idea of how potent the seed extracts were when used in close compsarism with conventional drugs. The zone of inhibition was calculated at different concentrations of the seed extracts for both (aqueous and methanolic). There was inhibition of the test organisms at varying concentrations except Salmonella typhi which was inhibited at 100mg/ml for both forms of extract. Though it was revealed that both forms of the seed extract (aqueous and methanolic) were effective against the bacterial pathogens, however the methanolic had more potency compared to the aqueous extract.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page                                                                                                      i

Approval page                                                                                              ii

Dedication                                                                                                    iii           

Acknowledgement                                                                                        iv

List of tables                                                                                                 v

List of appendices                                                                                         vii

Abstract                                                                                                        viii

CHAPTER ONE:

1.0      Introduction:                                                                                     1

1.1      Aim                                                                                                  4

1.2      Objectives                                                                                         4

CHAPTER TWO:   LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      Classification and Nomenclature                                                           5

2.1      Origin and Distribution                                                                   5

2.2      Common Uses                                                                                  5

2.3      Papaya Morphology                                                                        6

2.3.1   Stem                                                                                                 6

2.3.2   Leaves                                                                                               6

2.3.3   Flowers                                                                                            6

2.3.4   Fruits                                                                                                 7

2.3.5   Seeds                                                                                                 7

2.3.5   Peel                                                                                                   8

2.3.6   Latex                                                                                                 8

2.4      Other Uses                                                                                        9

2.6     Cosmetic Benefits of Papaya                                                             11

2.7      Allergies and Side Effects                                                                11

2.7.1   Toxicity                                                                                            12

2.7.2   Skin Discoloration                                                                            12

2.7.3   Free Radical Scavenging Acivity                                                            12

2.7.4   Respiratory Distress                                                                         12

2.7.5   Gastrointestinal Symptoms                                                               12

2.8      Nutritional Value of Carica papaya                                                            13

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.0      Collection of Plant Materials (Of Carrica papaya seed)             17

3.1      Extraction of Plant Materials                                                            17

3.2      Antibacterial Activity                                                                       17

3.3      Preparation of Marcfarland Standard                                                        18

3.4      Standardization of test organisms                                                           18

3.5      Well diffusion assay                                                                         18

CHAPTER FOUR:  RESULT                                                                            20

CHAPTER FIVE:    DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION                    24

REFERRENCE                                                                                          26