BASIC PAINT FORMULATIONS copy

1. INTRODUCTION

Although paint is a very common material, paint technology is a complicated science. For paint to adhere to a surface, the first coat (normally the 'Primer') must provide a 'key' into the base material (so that paint does not just fall away) and to provide a surface for the other coats. There are many types of paint available today, some giving different surface finishes, others designed for particular applications. This makes the selection of paint less straightforward, however selecting the correct type of paint will give a more satisfactory end result. Choosing the correct paint may appear a bit confusing at first, but once you have sorted out which type of paint is for which job and what finishes are available for that particular type of paint, the choice should be fairly easy.

So, what is paint?

Paint consists of pigments and an oil or water- based binder (the binder being the majority in volume). With most paints, long-term storage will cause the two constituents to separate in the can - the pigments generally 'drop out of solution' to form a thick, treacle like sludge at the bottom of the can. For the paint to be usable, the contents of the can must be well stirred (except where the manufacturer says otherwise - as in the case of non-drip paints) to ensure that the pigments and the binder are uniformly mixed. If a stored can is used 'as opened' or even after just shaking, the paint at the top will be mainly 'binder' with very little colour, and by the time the brush reaches the bottom, the 'paint' will be mainly pigment – the whole effect will be from a very wishy-washy colour to a very rich colour. The proportion of pigment to binder in any paint dictates the amount of gloss the finished product will have.

The glossier the finish, the more hardwearing it will generally be. There are various categories of finish: matt, gloss and a range in between the two which varies according to the manufacturer and are designated in a number of different terms - silk, satin, semi-gloss, eggshell etc. Water-based paint dries purely by evaporation, while oil-based paint has a chemical drying agent added. Paints with a water base are not as hard or durable as those with an oil base although they are improving all the time. The greatest advantage of water- based paint is that brushes and rollers can be washed out in water; no special cleaning agent is needed. Most proprietary brands of household paints are ready for use as sold and do not, under normal circumstances, require thinning.

The general exception is where a thinned first coat is required to seal a surface. Where a can of paint has been opened for a period of time, some of the binder may have evaporated off so thinning of the remaining paint may be needed.

When thinning paint, only use the type of thinners recommended by the manufacturer. The following brief description of types, uses and application should help you to choose the right paint for the right job. Paint is liquids that solidify when exposed to air, and are used to cover surfaces for decorative and protective purposes. Paints are formed by mixing a pigment (the substance that provides colour) and a binder, a fluid vehicle, such as linseed oil, that solidifies when exposed to air.

Paint is any liquid which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. Paint is composed of pigments, solvents, resins, and various additives. The pigments give the paint color; solvents make it easier to apply; resins help it dry; and additives serve as everything from fillers to anti- fungicidal agents.

Solvents are various low viscosities, volatile liquids. Additives serve many purposes. Some, like calcium carbonate and aluminum silicate, are simply fillers that give the paint body and substance without changing its properties. Paints are used in interior and exterior decoration of houses, prevention of rusting of metals, in the painting of boats, automobiles, planes, appliances, furniture, etc.

PAINT PRODUCTION

Paint is an essential commodity that does not just beautify but also serves as protective measures on a surface. Thus the demand and market of paints is at every environment at all time.

Paint is a material that is applied as a liquid and dries by a variety of chemicals processes to a solid form.

We apply paint for:

Decoration

Protection

Identification

Sanitation etc

TYPES OF PAINT

1. Oil base paint

2. Water base paint

TYPES OF WATER BASE PAINT

Water base paints are paints that is been production with WATER as the solvent.

For the course of this training we shall be discussing about many different types of water base paints:

Emulsion paint

Textured paint

Flextured paint

Satin or nylon paint

POP paint

Matte Eggshell

Flex coat

Stucco

Textured matte

Marble effect

Marble trowel

Base coat

Graffitex

Screeding bound or wall putty

We will also be learning how to produce the above listed paints and the quantity control.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TYPES OIL BASE PAINT.

CHEMICALS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS.

REQUIRED TOOLS TO START A SMALL SCALE PAINT BUSINESS.

GENERAL GUIDELINES BEFORE AND DURING PRODUCTION.

QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES.

HOW TO BUY CHEMICALS.

ABOUT THE MARKET.

HOW TO MARKET YOUR PRODUCT.

PRODUCTION OF EMULSION PAINT.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF EMULSION PAINT.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF MIDDLE CLASS EMULSION PAINT.

PRODUCTION OF SILK/SATIN PAINT.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF SUPER QUALITY SILK/SATIN PAINT.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF PREMIUM QUALITY SILK/SATIN PAINT.

PRODUCTION OF MATT PAINT.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF MATT PAINT.

PRODUCTION OF FLOATING PAINTS.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN THE PRODUCTION OF FLOATING PAINTS.

TEXCOAT PAINTS .

QUANTITY CONTROL IN THE PRODUCTION OF TEXCOAT PAINTS.

OIL PAINTS.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN THE PRODUCTION OF OIL PAINT.

STABILITY OF PAINT.

OTHER TYPES OF PAINT.

USES OF PAINTS.