THE IMPACT OF MODERN NAVIGATION SYSTEM ON MARITIME SAFETY

This study investigated the impact of modern navigation systems on maritime safety, with specific focus on their role in reducing maritime accidents, addressing operational challenges, and mitigating technological vulnerabilities in the Nigerian maritime sector. The study adopted a quantitative research design, and data were collected from a sample of 300 maritime professionals, including ship officers, navigators, crew members, and maritime regulators. A structured questionnaire was used as the primary instrument of data collection, while the data gathered were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25). The findings revealed that modern navigation systems such as the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), Automatic Identification System (AIS), and Global Positioning System (GPS) significantly contribute to the reduction of maritime accidents by improving situational awareness, route planning accuracy, and decision-making. The results also indicated that challenges such as high implementation costs, technical complexity, and maintenance difficulties hinder the full effectiveness of these systems. Furthermore, the study established that crew training and human factors play a crucial role in the effective utilization of navigation technologies, as inadequate training can limit system efficiency. In addition, the findings highlighted that technological vulnerabilities, particularly Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference and cyber threats, significantly reduce the reliability and effectiveness of modern navigation systems. The study concluded that modern navigation systems have a substantial positive impact on maritime safety, though their effectiveness depends on continuous crew training, proper management, and protection against technological risks. Based on these findings, the study recommended greater investment in advanced navigation technologies, enhanced capacity building for maritime personnel, stronger regulatory enforcement, and the development of cybersecurity frameworks to safeguard navigation systems.